CDC Confirms First Severe H5N1 Bird Flu Case in the U.S.: What Backyard Flock Owners Need to Know

On December 13, 2024, the CDC confirmed the first severe case of H5N1 avian influenza, commonly known as "bird flu," in Louisiana. This marks a significant moment for bird owners, poultry enthusiasts, and backyard flock keepers in the United States. The patient, who was hospitalized, had direct exposure to sick and deceased birds in a backyard flock.

The CDC emphasizes that the overall public health risk from H5N1 remains low and their assessment of the immediate risk has not changed. However, this case highlights the importance of practicing proper biosecurity for anyone handling birds, whether they are wild, commercial, or backyard flocks.

What is H5N1 Bird Flu?

H5N1 bird flu is an avian influenza virus that primarily affects birds but can occasionally infect humans through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated environments. The virus can be found in bird saliva, mucus, and feces, and exposure can happen even if the birds do not appear sick.

Since April 2024, there have been 61 human cases of H5 bird flu reported in the U.S., but the Louisiana case is the first tied to backyard flocks.

Key Takeaways for Backyard Flock Owners

The Louisiana case highlights the potential risks of H5N1 bird flu in backyard poultry. Here’s what flock owners should do to keep themselves and their birds safe:

1. Practice Good Biosecurity

• Limit Contact with Wild Birds: Wild birds can carry the virus without showing symptoms. Keep your flock separated from wild birds, and avoid attracting them with feed or water sources.
• Clean Equipment Thoroughly: Regularly disinfect feeders, waterers, and tools used in your coop.
• Quarantine New Birds: Isolate new additions to your flock for at least 30 days before introducing them to your established birds.

2. Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Wear gloves, masks, and protective clothing when handling birds, especially if they appear sick.
• Avoid touching surfaces contaminated with bird feces, saliva, or mucus.

3. Know the Symptoms

Signs of H5N1 in birds include:

• Lack of energy or appetite
• Respiratory distress (coughing, sneezing)
• Swollen heads or wattles
• Sudden death

If your flock shows these symptoms, contact your veterinarian immediately and report any suspected cases to local agricultural authorities.

4. Avoid Handling Sick or Dead Birds

Do not touch or handle sick or dead wild birds. Instead, report them to your state wildlife agency or health department.

5. Stay Informed

The CDC continues to monitor and respond to cases of H5N1. Visit the H5 Bird Flu: Current Situation page for updates and guidance.

Why This Matters

Backyard flocks provide joy, fresh eggs, and sustainability for many Americans. However, as this case demonstrates, they also come with responsibilities to protect the health of birds and people alike.

While the risk of person-to-person transmission of H5N1 remains low, prevention is key. By adopting proper biosecurity measures and staying informed, backyard flock owners can help mitigate risks and enjoy the benefits of poultry keeping safely.

For more resources on biosecurity and flock management, explore the guides available on My Pet Chicken. Let’s work together to keep our birds—and ourselves—safe and healthy.